Based on Relevant Reading and Personal Experience Outline...

Based on relevant reading and personal experience outline the theoretical rationale for play in the development of young children. This essay will outline the theoretical rationale for play in the development of young children. Boushel, Fawcett and Selwyn (2000:57) state, ‘Play is not easily defined...’ Play means different things to different people. Rubin, Fein and Vandenberg (1983) {cited in Hughes, 2010} suggest play should be intrinsically motivated, freely chosen, pleasurable, non literal and actively engaging. Play gives children freedom of choice, it allows them to lead their own learning, follow their own learning intentions and express themselves freely. There are many reasons that lead us to believe play is crucial for child†¦show more content†¦Piaget (1952) {cited in Maynard amp; Thomas, 2009:103} believed play is assimilative and that it enhances existing knowledge. He also believed play ‘...allowed children to perfect, rather than acquire, developing skills.’ In settings children build upon existing skills whilst playing. Vygotsky (1978) {cited in Maynard amp; Thomas, 2009} believed social interaction with others more skilled than themselves allows for development, as children are social learners. He believed social interactions promote higher mental functioning. The area of functioning beyond the child’s current level is called the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). Adults and the environment have a major impact on play and development. ‘Bruner (1963) regards scaffolding as one of the key roles of the adult...’ (Devereux and Miller, 2003:45). Instead of taking charge they should facilitate learning through play and support the child. Rousseau believed children should be allowed to play freely (Walker, 2003). In the setting it has been observed the adults do not lead learning, they observe and follow the children’s own individual learning intentions. One of the boys had a particularShow MoreRelatedCache Level 3 Award, Level 3 Certificate and Level 3 Diploma in Child Care and Education15197 Words   |  61 Pagesintroduction to working with children Development from conception to age 16 years Supporting children Keeping children safe The principles underpinning the role of the practitioner working with children Promoting a healthy environment for children Play and learning in children’s education Caring for children Res earch into child care, education and development Care of sick children Nutrition and healthy food for children Child, family and outside world Working with children with special needs DevelopingRead MoreThe Natural Approach4921 Words   |  20 Pageslinguist at the University of Southern California, in elaborating a theoretical rationale for the Natural Approach, drawing on Krashens influential theory of second language acquisition. 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Trends in Nursing Leadership - 1416 Words

The Future of Nursing Grand Canyon University: NRS-440V Trends and Issues in Health Care September 3, 2012 Introduction This paper will discuss the future of nursing and its relation to the future of health care in the United States. This writer will discuss the Institute of Medicines’ (IOM) report â€Å"Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health†, that was published in 2010. This paper will identify the importance of this report to the nursing workforce, and will outline the importance and intent of the Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action. Finally this paper will indentify the rational for state-based action coalitions and discuss two ongoing initiatives in the state of California. It is the intent of this†¦show more content†¦In the belief that nurses are very important to helping overhaul health care in this country; the campaign is being overseen by the Center to Champion Nursing in America (CCNA).According to the website championnursing.org, the CCNA is working with over seventy national and state organizations to help develop and implement the recommendations from the IOM report. The recommendations by the IOM report are: 1. Remove scope-of-practice barriers. 2. Expand opportunities for nurses to lead and diffuse collaborative improvement efforts. 3. Implement nurse residency programs. 4. Increase the proportion of nurses with a baccalaureate degree to 80 percent by 2020. 5. Double the number of nurses with a doctorate by 2020. 6. Ensure that nurses engage in lifelong learning. 7. Prepare and enable nurses to lead change to advance health. 8. Build an infrastructure for the collection and analysis of inter-professional health care workforce data. 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Discussing Foot Reflexology Among Elderly Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

This chapter deals with the treatment of the informations analyzed based on the aim and hypothesis of the survey. The job stated is â€Å" An experimental survey to measure the effectivity of foot reflexology among aged people † . The treatment was based on the aims of the survey and the hypothesis specified in the survey. We will write a custom essay sample on Discussing Foot Reflexology Among Elderly Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now With regard of demographic features of the sample in of experimental group, the bulk 10 ( 33.33 % ) of aged people belong to the age group of 66-70yrs and 17 ( 56.67 % ) of the aged people were male,8 ( 26.67 % ) of them were illiterate, 11 ( 36.67 % ) of them were from Christians faith, 9 ( 30 % ) of them were divorced,12 ( 40 % ) of them were sedentary workers, 9 ( 30 % ) of them are gaining less than 1000 rupees and 3000-5000 rupees per month. There by 12 ( 40 % ) were populating in the urban country. With respect of demographic features of the sample in control group, the bulk 9 ( 30 % ) of the aged people were from the age of 71-75yrs, 16 ( 53.33 % ) of the aged people were male 11 ( 36.66 % ) of them were completed their, primary instruction. 11 ( 36.67 % ) of them were from Hindu religion,12 ( 40 % ) of them were married,13 ( 43.33 % ) of them were heavy workers, 9 ( 30 % ) of them are gaining less than 1000 rupees per month and 14 ( 46.67 % ) were populating in the semi urban country. The first aim was to measure and compare the pre and station trial degree of psychological well being among experimental group. The analysis of pre intercession degree of psychological well being of experimental group revealed that the bulk 15 ( 50 % ) were non good. The analysis of station intercession degree of psychological well being of experimental group revealed that the bulk 20 ( 66.66 % ) of them sing moderate degree of psychological well being. The experimental group showed a average value of 3.4 with standard divergence of 0.66 in pre assessment degree and a mean of 1.83 with standard divergence of 0.67 in station appraisal degree. The deliberate ‘t ‘ value was 13.7 which showed a important difference between the pre and station trial degree of psychological well being among experimental group of aged at P lt ; 0.05 degree. Hence the research hypothesis stated H1 denotes that †there is a important difference in pre and station trial degree of psychological well being among aged people of experimental group † was retained at P lt ; 0.05 degree. Kim, Hyang A ; Hye Gyung ( 2002 ) assessed the effects of pes Reflex Therapy on Health Status of Institutionalized seniors utilizing a quasi-experimental design. Pre and post-experiment steps were compared. Institutional seniors were selected as the experimental group and 15 as the control group. Foot automatic therapy was performed to the pess of seniors in the experimental group for 30 proceedingss twice a hebdomad for a month a sum of 8 times. The effects of pes reflexology on physical wellness such as systolic/diastolic force per unit area, pulse rate, respiration rate, musculus endurance, legerity, and psychological wellness such as perceptual experience of wellness position, perceptual experience of hurting, sleep form and religious wellness such as quality of life of institutionalised seniors were evaluated. The informations were analyzed utilizing SPSS + Personal computer 10.1for window with frequences, agencies and standard divergences, Chi-square trial and t-test. The surv ey provided support that pes automatic therapy for seniors promotes positive physiological responses, psychological wellness and quality of life. From this consequence it can be concluded that pes automatic therapy is effectual as a intercession for wellness publicity in seniors. The 2nd aim was to measure and compare the pre and station trial degree of psychological well being of the aged people among control group. The analysis of pre intercession degree of psychological well being revealed that the bulk of aged people in control group holding 15 ( 50 % ) were mildly good. The analysis of station intercession degree of psychological well being revealed that the bulk of 16 ( 53.33 % ) of the aged people in control group were mildly good. The control group showed a average value 3.23 with a standard divergence of 0.67 in pre assessment degree and a average value of 3.46 with a standard divergence of 0.66 in station appraisal degree. The calculated’t ‘ value was 0.92 which showed that there is no important difference in the pre and station assessment degree of psychological well being in control group. Hence the research hypothesis stated H2 denotes that there is a important difference between the pre trial and station trial degree of psychological wellbeing among aged in control group was rejected at P lt ; 0.05 degree. The 3rd aim was to compare the pre trial degree of psychological well being between experimental and control group of aged people. The experimental group showed a average value of 3.4 with standard divergence of 0.66 in pre assessment degree and the control group showed a average value 3.23 with a standard divergence of 0.67 in pre assessment degree. The deliberate ‘t ‘ value was 0.67 which showed that there was a no important difference between the pre and station trial degree of psychological well being of the experimental and control group at P lt ; 0.05 degree. Hence the research hypothesis stated earlier that H3 denotes â€Å" there is a important difference between pre trial degree of psychological well being among experimental and control group of aged people was rejected at P lt ; 0.05 † degree. The 4th aim was to compare the station trial degree of psychological well being between experimental and control group of aged people. The experimental group showed a mean of 1.83 with standard divergence of 0.67 in station appraisal degree and the control group showed a average value of 3.46 with a standard divergence of 0.66 in station appraisal degree. The calculated’t ‘ value was 7.98 which showed a important difference on the station trial degree of psychological well being between experimental and control group. This revealed that the degree of psychological well being in station trial degree in experimental group is enhanced than the control group. Hence the research hypothesis stated earlier that H4 denotes â€Å" there is a important difference between station trial degrees of psychological well being among experimental and control group of aged people was retained at P lt ; 0.05 degree. Williamson, White, Hart A ; Ernst ( 2004 ) did a randomized controlled test of reflexology for menopausal symptoms for Seventy-six adult females, aged between 45 and 60 old ages by utilizing the Women ‘s Health Questionnaire ( WHQ ) , the primary steps being the bomber scores for anxiousness and depression. Severity ( ocular parallel graduated table, VAS ) and frequence of flowers and dark workout suits Women were randomized to have nine Sessionss of either reflexology or nonspecific pes massage ( control ) by four qualified reflexologists. Mean ( SD ) scores for anxiousness fell from 0.43 ( 0.29 ) to 0.22 ( 0.25 ) in the reflexology group and from 0.37 ( 0.27 ) to 0.27 ( 0.29 ) in the control group over the class of intervention. Mean ( SD ) scores for depression fell from 0.37 ( 0.25 ) to 0.20 ( 0.24 ) in the reflexology group and from 0.36 ( 0.23 ) to 0.20 ( 0.21 ) in the control ( foot massage ) group over the same period. For both tonss there was strong grounds of a clip consequence ( P lt ; 0.001 ) but no grounds of a time-group interaction ( P gt ; 0.2 ) .The research worker concluded that pes reflexology was effectual in cut downing the menopausal symptoms like depression and anxiousness. The 5th aim was to tie in the pre trial degree of psychological well being among experimental group and control group of aged people with selected demographic variables: Association of pre assessment degree of psychological well being with demographic variables done utilizing chi-square trial. Data findings revealed that there was statistically important association in the pre trial degrees of psychological well being in experimental group merely with their age, educational position and faith. And besides the informations findings revealed that there was important association in the pre trial degrees of psychological well being of the control group merely with their age. Hence the research hypothesis H5 stated denotes that â€Å" there is a important association of pre trial degree of psychological wellbeing among experimental group and control group of elderly selected demographic variables was partly retained at P lt ; 0.05 degree. The 6th aim was to tie in the station trial degree of psychological well being among experimental group and control group of aged people with selected demographic variables: Association of station assessment degree of psychological well being with demographic variables done utilizing chi-square trial. Data findings revealed that there was a important association in the station trial degrees of psychological well being of the experimental group with their matrimonial position. And besides the informations findings revealed that there was no statistically important association of station assessment degree of psychological well being in control group with their selected demographic variables. Hence the research hypothesis H6 stated denotes â€Å" there is a important association of station trial degree of psychological wellbeing among experimental group and control group of elderly selected demographic variables at was denied P lt ; 0.05 degree. How to cite Discussing Foot Reflexology Among Elderly Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

What is Hockey free essay sample

What is Hockey?Hockey is a fast and fun game played between two teams of 11 players. Its a team sport played by both males and females. Playing hockey helps develop essential social skills like teamwork, communication, and individual persistence. I started playing hockey aged six in a training squad run by my local team. I have progressed through time, as a result, Im now playing on a Ladies team for Lydney. There is a field and ice hockey, in the following paragraphs I will be discussing field hockey.The equipment you useIn hockey, theres a lot of equipment you need to get beforehand to ensure that you are safe. The type of equipment is different if youre playing as a goalie, but if not, then you can just get the standard kit. Your hockey stick is like your weapon on a battlefield because once youve become comfortable with it, then it will become part of you. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Hockey? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another vital thing is a ball as you cant play hockey without one. Hockey balls are rubber-like, hard and dense this makes them travel at high speeds. The average player can hit a ball to anywhere between 80 and 100 km/h, however, Christopher Wesley a German player topped the listing with a hit measuring 140 km/h. Although the primary function of a mouth guard is to prevent dental injuries, recent research may lead to another role, preventing concussions. A study done at Notre Dame University showed fewer concussions once it became compulsory to wear a mouth guard for hockey games.The general rules In hockey, there are lots of rules, some of the main are:1) Hockey players can only hit the ball with the flat side of their stick 2) Players must not raise the stick above shoulder height when hitting the ball.3) Hockey players (other than the goalie) arent allowed to use their feet.4) Goals can only be scored if the ball is hit inside of the D (part of the pitch marked out around the goal)5) Hockey is a non-contact sport.During a game, there are two umpires on the pitch, who are responsible for each half of the pitch. They have the authority to make decisions according to the rules of the game. They issue punishments like free hits, short corners, and penalties. These are normally for fouls like obstruction, back of stick, interference, and raising of sticks.Pitch formationsIn hockey, each side has 11 players. The outfield player positions can be put into three categories – defenders, midfielders, and attackers. †¢ The defenders main aim is to prevent the opposition from scoring, †¢ The midfielders have to work the most because they have the role of attacking and defending. †¢ The attacker has the most rewarding job, scoring!Famous playersIndian hockey player Dhyan Chand is considered to be one of the greatest players of all time. He is remembered for his goal-scoring and for his three Olympic gold medals (1928, 1932, and 1936) in hockey. Chand joined the Indian army in 1922 and toured New Zealand with the army team. During Indias world tour of 1932, he scored a total of 133 goals and in his, whole international career, he scored a staggering 400 goals. Dhyan Chand is known as the Wizard for his amazing ball control and he will be still be remembered for years to come.Nicola White is an English international hockey player who plays as a forward for England and Great Britain. She plays club hockey in the Investec Women hockey league premier division for Holcombe. White won a gold medal at 2016 Olympic Games and a bronze medal at the 2012 Olympic Games. After her international debut for England in May 2009, White has won silver at the Champions trophy and bronze medals at the World Cup, Commonwealth, and European competitions. She once said, A dream doesnt become reality by magic, it takes sweat, determination, and hard work.The history of hockeyGames like hockey involving sticks and balls have been played for thousands of years. Records show that a form of hockey was played in Egypt 4,000 years ago and in Ethiopia around 1,000 BC. Hockey in England in the 17th and 18th century consisted of whole villages playing the game with the objective of hitting the ball into the opposing villages common ground. Teams often consisted of 60 to 100 players that occasionally lasted several days. In 1852 the sports master of Harrow Public School advised his pupils that, among other things, no more than thirty players per team were allowed on the field at any one time. The game we know today emerged at Eton College in England in the 1860s when the first rules were written down. Why is hockey such a great sport?Hockey is one of the most physically demanding sports on the body. Players cover greater distances over a shorter period of time compared to most other team sports. Hockey players are required to be fit, fast, strong, powerful, agile and perform many sprints throughout the game. Furthermore, hockey is one of the most skilled based games, most other sports only have a ball but using a stick requires a higher level of skill and coordination. Hockey is for every age, sizes, and sex. It is one of the few sports where males and females can play in mixed teams with a range of different abilities. In my opinion, scoring is the most rewarding part of the sport. It isnt easy, so when you do score it shows that hard work does pay off.