Based on Relevant Reading and Personal Experience Outline...

Based on relevant reading and personal experience outline the theoretical rationale for play in the development of young children. This essay will outline the theoretical rationale for play in the development of young children. Boushel, Fawcett and Selwyn (2000:57) state, ‘Play is not easily defined...’ Play means different things to different people. Rubin, Fein and Vandenberg (1983) {cited in Hughes, 2010} suggest play should be intrinsically motivated, freely chosen, pleasurable, non literal and actively engaging. Play gives children freedom of choice, it allows them to lead their own learning, follow their own learning intentions and express themselves freely. There are many reasons that lead us to believe play is crucial for child†¦show more content†¦Piaget (1952) {cited in Maynard amp; Thomas, 2009:103} believed play is assimilative and that it enhances existing knowledge. He also believed play ‘...allowed children to perfect, rather than acquire, developing skills.’ In settings children build upon existing skills whilst playing. Vygotsky (1978) {cited in Maynard amp; Thomas, 2009} believed social interaction with others more skilled than themselves allows for development, as children are social learners. He believed social interactions promote higher mental functioning. The area of functioning beyond the child’s current level is called the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). Adults and the environment have a major impact on play and development. ‘Bruner (1963) regards scaffolding as one of the key roles of the adult...’ (Devereux and Miller, 2003:45). Instead of taking charge they should facilitate learning through play and support the child. Rousseau believed children should be allowed to play freely (Walker, 2003). In the setting it has been observed the adults do not lead learning, they observe and follow the children’s own individual learning intentions. One of the boys had a particularShow MoreRelatedCache Level 3 Award, Level 3 Certificate and Level 3 Diploma in Child Care and Education15197 Words   |  61 Pagesintroduction to working with children Development from conception to age 16 years Supporting children Keeping children safe The principles underpinning the role of the practitioner working with children Promoting a healthy environment for children Play and learning in children’s education Caring for children Res earch into child care, education and development Care of sick children Nutrition and healthy food for children Child, family and outside world Working with children with special needs DevelopingRead MoreThe Natural Approach4921 Words   |  20 Pageslinguist at the University of Southern California, in elaborating a theoretical rationale for the Natural Approach, drawing on Krashens influential theory of second language acquisition. Krashen and Terrells combined statement of the principles and practices of the Natural Approach appeared in their book, The Natural Approach, published in 1983. Krashen and Terrells book contains theoretical sections prepared by Krashen that outline his views on second language acquisition (Krashen 1981; 1982), andRead MoreSociology Essay20437 Words   |  82 PagesUnit 1.2 Theoretical Explanations of the Role of Families in society Unit 1.3 Social Change and Families and Households: Demographic trends and statistical evidence Unit 1.4 Marriage, Cohabitation and Divorce Unit 1.5 Older Relatives and Children in Families Unit 1.6 Domestic Division of Labour Debate and Power Relationships Unit 1.7 Social Policy and the Future of Families and Households Module 2 Education Unit 2.1 Introduction to the Sociology of Education Unit 2.2 Developments in EducationRead MoreParental Grief Essay14598 Words   |  59 Pagescore part of them has been ripped away. 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What are the boundaries of your proposed study? ï‚Ÿ Can you break down the problem and name all the areas that need examining? C. ï‚Ÿ What information doRead MoreAll About Peace Education13195 Words   |  53 PagesALL ABOUT PEACE EDUCATION *Dr. Ajay Kumar Attri, Lecturer; Department of Education, MLSM College ; Sundernagar; Mandi (H.P) âž ¢ INTRODUCTION: Education shall be directed toward the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.Read MorePersonal Development as Strategic Manager18363 Words   |  74 Pages.......................................................................... 2 3. 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The possibility that a greater emphasis on cognitive factors might enhance a behavioral account of OCD can be traced back to Carr (1974), McFall and Wollersheim (1979), RachmanRead MoreEthical Decision Making and Behavior13474 Words   |  54 PagesAction There are a number of models of ethical decision making and action. For example, business ethics educators Charles Powers and David Vogel identify six factors or elements that underlie moral reasoning and behavior and that are particularly relevant in organizational settings.1 The first is moral imagination, the recognition that even routine choices and relationships have an ethical dimension. The second is moral identification and ordering, which, as the name suggests, refers to the ability

Trends in Nursing Leadership - 1416 Words

The Future of Nursing Grand Canyon University: NRS-440V Trends and Issues in Health Care September 3, 2012 Introduction This paper will discuss the future of nursing and its relation to the future of health care in the United States. This writer will discuss the Institute of Medicines’ (IOM) report â€Å"Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health†, that was published in 2010. This paper will identify the importance of this report to the nursing workforce, and will outline the importance and intent of the Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action. Finally this paper will indentify the rational for state-based action coalitions and discuss two ongoing initiatives in the state of California. It is the intent of this†¦show more content†¦In the belief that nurses are very important to helping overhaul health care in this country; the campaign is being overseen by the Center to Champion Nursing in America (CCNA).According to the website championnursing.org, the CCNA is working with over seventy national and state organizations to help develop and implement the recommendations from the IOM report. The recommendations by the IOM report are: 1. Remove scope-of-practice barriers. 2. Expand opportunities for nurses to lead and diffuse collaborative improvement efforts. 3. Implement nurse residency programs. 4. Increase the proportion of nurses with a baccalaureate degree to 80 percent by 2020. 5. Double the number of nurses with a doctorate by 2020. 6. Ensure that nurses engage in lifelong learning. 7. Prepare and enable nurses to lead change to advance health. 8. Build an infrastructure for the collection and analysis of inter-professional health care workforce data. The Campaign for Action (COA), believes that the best ways to implement these changes are through Action Coalitions (thefutureof nursing, 2010). Rationale for State-Based Action Coalitions The COA is partnering up with states all over the country that have formed Action Coalitions. The coalitions are comprised of nursing and non-nursing leaders at the local, regional andShow MoreRelatedInternal And External Contextual Factors869 Words   |  4 Pageskeywords included ‘future of nursing education’, ‘future trend of nursing’, and ‘trend of nursing curriculum’ were used. In addition, the searching in CINAHL Complete, EBSCOhost databases, and Google scholar limited the full-text studies that published between 2008 and 2015. Based on the literature review, this paper will present and discuss factors influencing the future trends of the nursing curriculum. 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Discussing Foot Reflexology Among Elderly Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

This chapter deals with the treatment of the informations analyzed based on the aim and hypothesis of the survey. The job stated is â€Å" An experimental survey to measure the effectivity of foot reflexology among aged people † . The treatment was based on the aims of the survey and the hypothesis specified in the survey. We will write a custom essay sample on Discussing Foot Reflexology Among Elderly Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now With regard of demographic features of the sample in of experimental group, the bulk 10 ( 33.33 % ) of aged people belong to the age group of 66-70yrs and 17 ( 56.67 % ) of the aged people were male,8 ( 26.67 % ) of them were illiterate, 11 ( 36.67 % ) of them were from Christians faith, 9 ( 30 % ) of them were divorced,12 ( 40 % ) of them were sedentary workers, 9 ( 30 % ) of them are gaining less than 1000 rupees and 3000-5000 rupees per month. There by 12 ( 40 % ) were populating in the urban country. With respect of demographic features of the sample in control group, the bulk 9 ( 30 % ) of the aged people were from the age of 71-75yrs, 16 ( 53.33 % ) of the aged people were male 11 ( 36.66 % ) of them were completed their, primary instruction. 11 ( 36.67 % ) of them were from Hindu religion,12 ( 40 % ) of them were married,13 ( 43.33 % ) of them were heavy workers, 9 ( 30 % ) of them are gaining less than 1000 rupees per month and 14 ( 46.67 % ) were populating in the semi urban country. The first aim was to measure and compare the pre and station trial degree of psychological well being among experimental group. The analysis of pre intercession degree of psychological well being of experimental group revealed that the bulk 15 ( 50 % ) were non good. The analysis of station intercession degree of psychological well being of experimental group revealed that the bulk 20 ( 66.66 % ) of them sing moderate degree of psychological well being. The experimental group showed a average value of 3.4 with standard divergence of 0.66 in pre assessment degree and a mean of 1.83 with standard divergence of 0.67 in station appraisal degree. The deliberate ‘t ‘ value was 13.7 which showed a important difference between the pre and station trial degree of psychological well being among experimental group of aged at P lt ; 0.05 degree. Hence the research hypothesis stated H1 denotes that †there is a important difference in pre and station trial degree of psychological well being among aged people of experimental group † was retained at P lt ; 0.05 degree. Kim, Hyang A ; Hye Gyung ( 2002 ) assessed the effects of pes Reflex Therapy on Health Status of Institutionalized seniors utilizing a quasi-experimental design. Pre and post-experiment steps were compared. Institutional seniors were selected as the experimental group and 15 as the control group. Foot automatic therapy was performed to the pess of seniors in the experimental group for 30 proceedingss twice a hebdomad for a month a sum of 8 times. The effects of pes reflexology on physical wellness such as systolic/diastolic force per unit area, pulse rate, respiration rate, musculus endurance, legerity, and psychological wellness such as perceptual experience of wellness position, perceptual experience of hurting, sleep form and religious wellness such as quality of life of institutionalised seniors were evaluated. The informations were analyzed utilizing SPSS + Personal computer 10.1for window with frequences, agencies and standard divergences, Chi-square trial and t-test. The surv ey provided support that pes automatic therapy for seniors promotes positive physiological responses, psychological wellness and quality of life. From this consequence it can be concluded that pes automatic therapy is effectual as a intercession for wellness publicity in seniors. The 2nd aim was to measure and compare the pre and station trial degree of psychological well being of the aged people among control group. The analysis of pre intercession degree of psychological well being revealed that the bulk of aged people in control group holding 15 ( 50 % ) were mildly good. The analysis of station intercession degree of psychological well being revealed that the bulk of 16 ( 53.33 % ) of the aged people in control group were mildly good. The control group showed a average value 3.23 with a standard divergence of 0.67 in pre assessment degree and a average value of 3.46 with a standard divergence of 0.66 in station appraisal degree. The calculated’t ‘ value was 0.92 which showed that there is no important difference in the pre and station assessment degree of psychological well being in control group. Hence the research hypothesis stated H2 denotes that there is a important difference between the pre trial and station trial degree of psychological wellbeing among aged in control group was rejected at P lt ; 0.05 degree. The 3rd aim was to compare the pre trial degree of psychological well being between experimental and control group of aged people. The experimental group showed a average value of 3.4 with standard divergence of 0.66 in pre assessment degree and the control group showed a average value 3.23 with a standard divergence of 0.67 in pre assessment degree. The deliberate ‘t ‘ value was 0.67 which showed that there was a no important difference between the pre and station trial degree of psychological well being of the experimental and control group at P lt ; 0.05 degree. Hence the research hypothesis stated earlier that H3 denotes â€Å" there is a important difference between pre trial degree of psychological well being among experimental and control group of aged people was rejected at P lt ; 0.05 † degree. The 4th aim was to compare the station trial degree of psychological well being between experimental and control group of aged people. The experimental group showed a mean of 1.83 with standard divergence of 0.67 in station appraisal degree and the control group showed a average value of 3.46 with a standard divergence of 0.66 in station appraisal degree. The calculated’t ‘ value was 7.98 which showed a important difference on the station trial degree of psychological well being between experimental and control group. This revealed that the degree of psychological well being in station trial degree in experimental group is enhanced than the control group. Hence the research hypothesis stated earlier that H4 denotes â€Å" there is a important difference between station trial degrees of psychological well being among experimental and control group of aged people was retained at P lt ; 0.05 degree. Williamson, White, Hart A ; Ernst ( 2004 ) did a randomized controlled test of reflexology for menopausal symptoms for Seventy-six adult females, aged between 45 and 60 old ages by utilizing the Women ‘s Health Questionnaire ( WHQ ) , the primary steps being the bomber scores for anxiousness and depression. Severity ( ocular parallel graduated table, VAS ) and frequence of flowers and dark workout suits Women were randomized to have nine Sessionss of either reflexology or nonspecific pes massage ( control ) by four qualified reflexologists. Mean ( SD ) scores for anxiousness fell from 0.43 ( 0.29 ) to 0.22 ( 0.25 ) in the reflexology group and from 0.37 ( 0.27 ) to 0.27 ( 0.29 ) in the control group over the class of intervention. Mean ( SD ) scores for depression fell from 0.37 ( 0.25 ) to 0.20 ( 0.24 ) in the reflexology group and from 0.36 ( 0.23 ) to 0.20 ( 0.21 ) in the control ( foot massage ) group over the same period. For both tonss there was strong grounds of a clip consequence ( P lt ; 0.001 ) but no grounds of a time-group interaction ( P gt ; 0.2 ) .The research worker concluded that pes reflexology was effectual in cut downing the menopausal symptoms like depression and anxiousness. The 5th aim was to tie in the pre trial degree of psychological well being among experimental group and control group of aged people with selected demographic variables: Association of pre assessment degree of psychological well being with demographic variables done utilizing chi-square trial. Data findings revealed that there was statistically important association in the pre trial degrees of psychological well being in experimental group merely with their age, educational position and faith. And besides the informations findings revealed that there was important association in the pre trial degrees of psychological well being of the control group merely with their age. Hence the research hypothesis H5 stated denotes that â€Å" there is a important association of pre trial degree of psychological wellbeing among experimental group and control group of elderly selected demographic variables was partly retained at P lt ; 0.05 degree. The 6th aim was to tie in the station trial degree of psychological well being among experimental group and control group of aged people with selected demographic variables: Association of station assessment degree of psychological well being with demographic variables done utilizing chi-square trial. Data findings revealed that there was a important association in the station trial degrees of psychological well being of the experimental group with their matrimonial position. And besides the informations findings revealed that there was no statistically important association of station assessment degree of psychological well being in control group with their selected demographic variables. Hence the research hypothesis H6 stated denotes â€Å" there is a important association of station trial degree of psychological wellbeing among experimental group and control group of elderly selected demographic variables at was denied P lt ; 0.05 degree. How to cite Discussing Foot Reflexology Among Elderly Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

What is Hockey free essay sample

What is Hockey?Hockey is a fast and fun game played between two teams of 11 players. Its a team sport played by both males and females. Playing hockey helps develop essential social skills like teamwork, communication, and individual persistence. I started playing hockey aged six in a training squad run by my local team. I have progressed through time, as a result, Im now playing on a Ladies team for Lydney. There is a field and ice hockey, in the following paragraphs I will be discussing field hockey.The equipment you useIn hockey, theres a lot of equipment you need to get beforehand to ensure that you are safe. The type of equipment is different if youre playing as a goalie, but if not, then you can just get the standard kit. Your hockey stick is like your weapon on a battlefield because once youve become comfortable with it, then it will become part of you. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Hockey? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another vital thing is a ball as you cant play hockey without one. Hockey balls are rubber-like, hard and dense this makes them travel at high speeds. The average player can hit a ball to anywhere between 80 and 100 km/h, however, Christopher Wesley a German player topped the listing with a hit measuring 140 km/h. Although the primary function of a mouth guard is to prevent dental injuries, recent research may lead to another role, preventing concussions. A study done at Notre Dame University showed fewer concussions once it became compulsory to wear a mouth guard for hockey games.The general rules In hockey, there are lots of rules, some of the main are:1) Hockey players can only hit the ball with the flat side of their stick 2) Players must not raise the stick above shoulder height when hitting the ball.3) Hockey players (other than the goalie) arent allowed to use their feet.4) Goals can only be scored if the ball is hit inside of the D (part of the pitch marked out around the goal)5) Hockey is a non-contact sport.During a game, there are two umpires on the pitch, who are responsible for each half of the pitch. They have the authority to make decisions according to the rules of the game. They issue punishments like free hits, short corners, and penalties. These are normally for fouls like obstruction, back of stick, interference, and raising of sticks.Pitch formationsIn hockey, each side has 11 players. The outfield player positions can be put into three categories – defenders, midfielders, and attackers. †¢ The defenders main aim is to prevent the opposition from scoring, †¢ The midfielders have to work the most because they have the role of attacking and defending. †¢ The attacker has the most rewarding job, scoring!Famous playersIndian hockey player Dhyan Chand is considered to be one of the greatest players of all time. He is remembered for his goal-scoring and for his three Olympic gold medals (1928, 1932, and 1936) in hockey. Chand joined the Indian army in 1922 and toured New Zealand with the army team. During Indias world tour of 1932, he scored a total of 133 goals and in his, whole international career, he scored a staggering 400 goals. Dhyan Chand is known as the Wizard for his amazing ball control and he will be still be remembered for years to come.Nicola White is an English international hockey player who plays as a forward for England and Great Britain. She plays club hockey in the Investec Women hockey league premier division for Holcombe. White won a gold medal at 2016 Olympic Games and a bronze medal at the 2012 Olympic Games. After her international debut for England in May 2009, White has won silver at the Champions trophy and bronze medals at the World Cup, Commonwealth, and European competitions. She once said, A dream doesnt become reality by magic, it takes sweat, determination, and hard work.The history of hockeyGames like hockey involving sticks and balls have been played for thousands of years. Records show that a form of hockey was played in Egypt 4,000 years ago and in Ethiopia around 1,000 BC. Hockey in England in the 17th and 18th century consisted of whole villages playing the game with the objective of hitting the ball into the opposing villages common ground. Teams often consisted of 60 to 100 players that occasionally lasted several days. In 1852 the sports master of Harrow Public School advised his pupils that, among other things, no more than thirty players per team were allowed on the field at any one time. The game we know today emerged at Eton College in England in the 1860s when the first rules were written down. Why is hockey such a great sport?Hockey is one of the most physically demanding sports on the body. Players cover greater distances over a shorter period of time compared to most other team sports. Hockey players are required to be fit, fast, strong, powerful, agile and perform many sprints throughout the game. Furthermore, hockey is one of the most skilled based games, most other sports only have a ball but using a stick requires a higher level of skill and coordination. Hockey is for every age, sizes, and sex. It is one of the few sports where males and females can play in mixed teams with a range of different abilities. In my opinion, scoring is the most rewarding part of the sport. It isnt easy, so when you do score it shows that hard work does pay off.

Transportation and Public Health Issues

It has been proven from a study carried out by journal pediatrics that, in the event mothers’ breastfeed their newborns in the first six months approximately, 900 lives and billions of dollars could be saved. Similarly, it was determined that many deaths can be prevented through breastfeeding.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Transportation and Public Health Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The study evaluated 10 frequent illnesses that occur in children thereby determining their occurrence and expenses incurred in their treatment. It is noteworthy that babies are less likely to develop obesity and leukemia as the breast milk they consume affects the blood insulin level. Furthermore, antibodies are a constituent of breast milk thus it guards the children against infections. According to Greenberg, the study seems not to have mentioned the fact that breast milk is cheap compared to infant formula . Additionally, these formulas do not contain the essential nutritional and psychological values attached to breast milk. It is evident that mothers should be encouraged to breast feed their newborns, and the best way to achieve this is to ban the promotion of infant formulas in hospitals (Greenberg, 2010). The new government legislation that requires employers to provide nursing facilities for working mothers to breastfeed their children is a good start for this campaign. Similarly, hospitals will be evaluated on the basis of ensuring mothers breastfeed newborns before getting discharged from the facility. Dr. Bartick Melissa affirms that the benefits of breast milk are not appreciated. In addition, she refers to breast feeding as a public health matter. It is evident that some mothers either fail to start or quit breastfeeding at an early stage. As a result, it is essential for mothers to prepare before commencing breastfeeding to avoid stress at work. It is a fact that mothers at pediatrics academy are not encouraged to breastfeed; as they are offered formulas instead. Dr. Bartick insists that hospitals practices should change and in the process embrace the benefits of breast feeding. Furthermore, she affirms that mothers should not be blamed for such failures. It is noteworthy that Batrick’s study is priceless as not every woman can successfully breastfeed. On the other hand, this study depicts that mothers should be encouraged to breast feed their newborns (Greenberg, 2010). References Greenberg, Sally. (2010). Breastfeeding a public health issue. Savvy Consumer. Web.Advertising Looking for term paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More United States Department of Transportation (DOT). (2010). Transportation is a public Health issue: DOT doing its part to keep kids moving. Fast lane. Web. This term paper on Transportation and Public Health Issues was written and submitted by user Alden Kennedy to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Aqueous Solution Definition in Chemistry

Aqueous Solution Definition in Chemistry Aqueous solution definition: An aqueous solution is any solution in which water (H2O) is the solvent.  In a chemical equation, the symbol (aq) follows a species name to indicate it is in aqueous solution. For example, dissolving salt in water has the chemical reaction: NaCl(s) → Na(aq) Cl-(aq) Although water is often called the universal solvent, it dissolves only substances that are hydrophilic in nature. Examples of hydrophilic molecules include acids, bases, and many salts. Substances that are hydrophobic do not dissolve well in water and tend not to form aqueous solutions. Examples include many organic molecules, including fats and oils. When electrolytes (e.g., NaCl, KCl) dissolve in water, the ions allow the solution to conduct electricity. Nonelectrolytes like sugar also dissolve in water, but the molecule remains intact and the solution is not conductive. Aqueous Solution Examples Cola, saltwater, rain, acid solutions, base solutions, and salt solutions are examples of aqueous solutions.   Examples of solutions that are not aqueous solutions include any liquid that does not contain water. Vegetable oil, toluene, acetone, carbon tetrachloride, and solutions made using these solvents are not aqueous solutions. Similarly, if a mixture contains water but no solute dissolves in the water as a solvent, an aqueous solution is not formed. For example, mixing sand and water does not produce an aqueous solution.

Why did the First World War have such a disruptive effect on the Essay

Why did the First World War have such a disruptive effect on the international trading and financial system - Essay Example Only the USA have won. From the beginning of the 20-th century the pure market (besides it was in many respects an abstract theoretical structure) began to be supplemented and partly to be replaced with the new public institutes. These institutes had various origin and nature. All of them operated, however, in one direction, reducing a degree of capitalism spontaneity with its destructive consequences in the form of periodic mass ruins. Besides these new institutes have allowed realizing the rights to the best life, have raised the workers’ share, actually creating public riches, in distribution of a product created by all society (Ashworth, 1962, p65). Then there was the First World War. It has occurred because of the impetuous aspiration of the private capital to the profit and has brought many sufferings to the nations of the world. After the First World War there were the significant changes for capitalism. The so-called system of ‘free trade’ has been reorganized in system of interstate agreements. In the frames of national economies the top was taken by healthy forces, which understood the banefulness of the impetuous competition for domestic economic structure, first of all for new, progressive industries. The archaic system of the gold standard, which leaned to the prejudices concerning value of gold, has been replaced with more modern international monetary system assumed close coordination of national banks. The impetuous competition has received a worthy counterbalance in the form of the antimonopoly law and, in some cases, elements of economy planning. The social rights of workers became better protected - the role of trade unions has amplified, in some countries the elements of social protection, the forerunner of the modern systems ‘welfare state’ began to appear (Aldcroft, 1978, p68). Then there was the most destructive economic crisis for all world history. It occurred because the out-of-date system ‘laissez

The Impact of NAFTA on Mexico Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Impact of NAFTA on Mexico - Essay Example NAFTA was established as a free trade agreement between Mexico, Canada and America and it has become one of the most debated free trade agreements in the world. While the Mexican economy has suffered when it comes to agricultural sector, it has made tremendous gains in other sectors which have made the overall affect of the agreement to be positive for Mexico. As more studies are made into the topic, the picture is likely to get clearer for all concerned parties but as of now, the NAFTA has been a blessing for the Mexican economy rather than a curse. The North American Free Trade Agreement is commonly known as NAFTA and it is an agreement to promote free trade amongst the countries of America, Canada and Mexico. The agreement was signed into effect on the first of January in 1994 and it now has remained in effect for more than thirteen years ro date (World Bank Group, 2001). An understanding of the economic effects and the benefits of this agreement is important for all students of economics, sociology and business since it affects all those fields of study. As an agreement between a developing country and two countries which are considered economically developed, the first beneficiary of the agreement seem to be large American corporations that choose to deploy a part of their operations in Mexico or Canada (Hill, 2006). This benefit comes from the economic advantage of lowered recruitment and Human Resource Cost for skilled and unskilled labor as compared to the uneconomical labor market in America (Sayre & Morris, 2004). Additionally, American operations managers and executives of companies working in Mexico have the advantage of a higher standard of living in Mexico since the cost of living is lower.

HUMAN RESOURCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

HUMAN RESOURCE - Essay Example In this paper we would understand the nature and the role of the learners or the employees in the process of training of the employees. We would undertake the study of the different learning theories and the learning styles of the individuals. Further we undertake the study of the planning and the designing procedures of the training and the development programs. We undertake case studies to evaluate the design of the training programs undertaken in different organizations. We also evaluate the purpose of the evaluation of the programs; finally the study of the initiatives provided by the government in the training of the employees is undertaken. Teaching or development and learning are interactive and two way processes. People are different from each other and have different styles or methods of learning. Teaching is a process of intervening in the learning habits so as to help in the learning procedure. The HRD team aims at involving the employees in new experiences and opportunities. There are different theories that have been developed for the learning styles and the procedures of the subject. Each theory has a different approach to the procedure of learning. Under this section we undertake the study of the learning theories developed by Honey and Mumford (1982) and Kolb (1979) to analyze the different learning styles. Honey and Mumford (1982): Honey and Mumford undertook studies to develop a learning style questionnaire (LSQ), this questionnaire helps in understanding the preferred learning style of a individual. The study of Honey and Mumford (1982) divide the learners and classify them into four different sub groups. The questionnaire developed by them helps the identification and the classification of the individual into the sub group. The groups have been classified according to the traits, environments and the participation of the individuals in the learning procedure. The

The Influence Of Christianity On Culture Religion Essay

The Influence Of Christianity On Culture Religion Essay The novel, Things Fall Apart, was written by Chinua Achebe and was first published in 1958. The book deals with Okonkwo, the main character in the book, and his approach towards Christianity and the new Umofia after his exile. The novel shows us the impact of a western culture on the Igbo society and how the citizens have to adapt to the new changes and beliefs. Achebe, through this story, wants to show the readers that, things, culture and relationships do fall apart as we read it. White men arrived in Africa as traders, missionaries and administrators. In this essay, I will talk about the influence of Christianity on the Igbo culture. Is the Igbo culture civilized or barbaric? Was the arrival of the white missionaries in Things Fall Apart positive or negative? My essay will be divided into four sections, each giving a different influence of Christianity on the Igbo culture. I will discuss the four main influences. Christianity has influenced the Igbo culture in many ways. The main influence is on the religion that tribes follow. The white missionaries bring a different set of beliefs and laws which are incompatible with Igbo traditions and practices. The church which is built by the Christians, contributes to the destruction of the clan. Many Umofians decide to convert to Christianity, as they feel they will get more freedom, comfort and they can be and do what the clan does not agree to. The converts are outcasts, people with no titles and women who had twins. Such people are mistreated in the lgbo society. Christianity is giving such people dignity. The converts have the chance to find their true identity. The missionaries begin to establish themselves through the church. The white mens power increases as they survive the Evil Forest. The missionaries say We have been sent by the Great God to ask you to leave your wicked ways and false gods and turn to Him so that you may be saved when you d ie. The power of the traditional gods is challenged by the survival of the missionary hut in the Evil Forest, in which, the unfortunate people, twins and ogbanje children are thrown. Christianity points fingers to the beliefs of the Igbo culture. For many, Christianity is an answer for all their queries. People think that converting to Christianity means peace and was better than the Igbo religion and its superstitions. Three converts had gone into the village and boasted openly that all the gods were dead and impotent and that they were prepared to defy them by burning all their shrines. This shows that the converts and the missionaries no longer respect the views and beliefs of the Igbo clan. The converts know that they are protected by the white men and the feel that they have a greater god than the lgbos. In Chapter 18, with the episode of the python, the belief of the Igbos in god strengthens and the death of the convert responsible proves that the gods still exist and do justi ce to its people. In a sense, despite the influence of Christianity, some of Igbo people still have firm belief in their gods. The second major influence is on the legal system in the Igbo tribes. It has a major hand in the collapsing of the clan. The new rules also apply to the Igbo tribe members, which has people who do not wish to convert to Christianity. The imposition of an alien legal system confuses the lgbos and adds up to the hatred the Igbos have towards the white men and the converts. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ stories were already gaining ground that the white men had not only brought religion, but also a government. It was said that they had built a place of judgment in Umofia to protect the followers of their religion. It was even said that they had hanged one man who killed a missionary. Before the coming of the white men, decisions are made by the heads of the clan, the men with high titles. But now, these men have lost their place and there is the police to pass laws and give final verdicts and punishments. The new legal system proves to be neither just nor deserves praise. While the egwugwu frequently settle land disputes both effectively and fairly, the colonial courts decisions result in conflict and murder. The previously accepted traditions now are punishable offenses. Soon, the prison is full of men who had offended against the white mens law. Some of these prisoners have thrown away their twins, while some have molested Christians. This shows that to a great extent, the Igbo members of the society neither fear the Christians, nor are they scared of the new legal system and its laws. By building the Christian church and establishing a new legal system with their own western laws, the colonial government gradually makes the tribal legal procedure less effective and destroys traditional beliefs. This shows that the western culture is interfering in the day-to-day running of the Igbo government. The third influence is on the education given by the lgbos. Educating people of different age groups in Umofia helped those who were eager for self-advancement, who soon realize the potential of the schools. Hence, by educating the people of Umofia, the Christians do well to the place. The people are able to widen their knowledge. There is no harm in educating somebody. Mr. Brown, one of the missionaries, teaches the ambitious students. Mr. Brown is, understanding, patient and friendly, which make the people, feel welcomed and they would thus want to continue studying to become responsible. More people came to learn in his school, and he encouraged them with singlets and towels. They were not all young, these people who came to learn. This shows that Mr. Browns school produced quick results. A few months in it were enough to make one a court messenger or even a court clerk. Those who stayed longer became teachers. This tells us that Mr. Browns school is effective and good. The studen ts can become successful and can even educate others, keeping the trend of education. On the other hand, through education, Mr. Brown is luring the Umofians to convert. By aiming at the different age groups, he wants the maximum number of converts who will accept the religion and its beliefs. The singlets and towels are forms of bribe as the Igbo have never used them. These items, therefore, symbolize luxury and also the mode of living of the white. By using such stuffs, they will feel superior to their fellow Umofians. Mr. Brown tries to become godly figure in the eyes of the people. Mr. Browns polite and caring nature helps him in his strategy to attract Umofians to convert. The last striking influence is that on trade. Christianity takes hold over the community but the clan also benefits from the trade and prosperity which it brings with it. In Chapter 21, the influence is introduced. The white man had indeed brought a lunatic religion, but he had also built a trading store and for the first time palm oil and kernel became things of great price, and much money flowed into Umofia. The coming of Christians brings money indirectly to the Igbos. By trading, they grow their knowledge about trading and other countries. Trading helps Umofia as they now have a trading store and get money to improve the place. The traders mostly trade palm oil and kernels. This buying and selling of goods changes Umofia. People now believe in the white missionaries and trust them better. This shows that the coming of Christianity in the Igbo society brings both positive and negative changes. This dealing requires manual skills and special training which might be given in Mr. Bro wns school. But in Umofia, before the arrival of Christianity, money was not of great value as sharing and borrowing existed. The appearance of money, through trading, decreases fraternity and friendship that was once there among the citizens. In a sense, the evil has been introduced in Umofia. There is competition and people want to be rich, unlike before. To conclude, the Igbo culture, in Things Fall Apart, is presented as both good and bad. Achebe manages to a great extent, to destroy the myth of the African savage. He impresses the reader by the fact that the white men are not bringing civilization, but are destroying the society. It shows that the colonization of Africa by western powers perpetuated the stereotype of primitive African savage. In Part 1 and Part 2, Achebe portrays a long-established and orderly African society with its strict hierarchy of gods, elders and titled men and with its own customs and religious beliefs. As from the end of Part 2, the white missionaries decide to destroy the culture and create hatred among its citizens. I think that each culture has the right for its own systems and other modern cultures, intruding, will just result in misunderstandings and hatred among the people who belong to the separate cultures. The arrival of the white missionaries makes few positive effects but also brings detestatio n in Umofia. Nevertheless, it also contributes considerably, as the Africans can learn new languages and modern techniques. 1550 words.

alcoholism :: essays research papers

For most people who drink, alcohol is a pleasant accompaniment to social activities. Moderate alcohol use—up to two drinks per day for men and one drink per day for women and older people—is not harmful for most adults. (A standard drink is one 12-ounce bottle or can of either beer or wine cooler, one 5-ounce glass of wine, or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof distilled spirits.) Nonetheless, a large number of people get into serious trouble because of their drinking. Currently, nearly 14 million Americans—1 in every 13 adults—abuse alcohol or are alcoholic. Several million more adults engage in risky drinking that could lead to alcohol problems. These patterns include binge drinking and heavy drinking on a regular basis. In addition, 53 percent of men and women in the United States report that one or more of their close relatives have a drinking problem. The consequences of alcohol misuse are serious—in many cases, life threatening. Heavy drinking can increase the risk for certain cancers, especially those of the liver, esophagus, throat, and larynx (voice box). Heavy drinking can also cause liver cirrhosis, immune system problems, brain damage, and harm to the fetus during pregnancy. In addition, drinking increases the risk of death from automobile crashes as well as recreational and on-the-job injuries. Furthermore, both homicides and suicides are more likely to be committed by persons who have been drinking. In purely economic terms, alcohol-related problems cost society approximately $185 billion per year. In human terms, the costs cannot be calculated. Many people wonder why some individuals can use alcohol without problems but others cannot. One important reason has to do with genetics. Scientists have found that having an alcoholic family member makes it more likely that if you choose to drink you too may develop alcoholism. Genes, however, are not the whole story. In fact, scientists now believe that certain factors in a person’s environment influence whether a person with a genetic risk for alcoholism ever develops the disease. A person’s risk for developing alcoholism can increase based on the person’s environment, including where and how he or she lives; family, friends, and culture; peer pressure; and even how easy it is to get alcohol. Any concerns you may have about discussing drinking-related problems with your health care provider may stem from common misconceptions about alcoholism and alcoholic people.